Serum creatinine is a waste product formed by the spontaneous dehydration of creatine. Most of the body creatine is found in muscle tissue where it is present as creatine phosphate and serves as a high-energy storage reservoir for conversion to adenosine triphosphate. The rate of creatinine formation is fairly constant with 1-2% of the body creatine being converted to creatinine every 24 hours. Serum creatinine and urea levels are elevated in patients with renal malfunction especially decreased glomerular filtration. In the early stages of kidney damage, the rise in the serum urea levels usually precedes the increase in serum creatinine.
The advantage is offset by the fact that serum urea levels are affected by factors such as diet, degree of hydration and protein metabolism. Serum creatinine levels on the other hand tend to be constant and unaffected by factors affecting serum urea levels. Thus serum creatinine is a significantly more reliable renal function-screening test than serum urea. A considerably more sensitive test for measuring glomerular filtration is the creatinine clearance test. For this test precisely timed urine collection (usually 24 hours) and a blood sample are needed1.[:de]No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?
[:de]But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?[:]
Serum creatinine is a waste product formed by the spontaneous dehydration of creatine. Most of the body creatine is found in muscle tissue where it is present as creatine phosphate and serves as a high-energy storage reservoir for conversion to adenosine triphosphate. The rate of creatinine formation is fairly constant with 1-2% of the body creatine being converted to creatinine every 24 hours. Serum creatinine and urea levels are elevated in patients with renal malfunction especially decreased glomerular filtration. In the early stages of kidney damage, the rise in the serum urea levels usually precedes the increase in serum creatinine.
The advantage is offset by the fact that serum urea levels are affected by factors such as diet, degree of hydration and protein metabolism. Serum creatinine levels on the other hand tend to be constant and unaffected by factors affecting serum urea levels. Thus serum creatinine is a significantly more reliable renal function-screening test than serum urea. A considerably more sensitive test for measuring glomerular filtration is the creatinine clearance test. For this test precisely timed urine collection (usually 24 hours) and a blood sample are needed1.[:de]No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?
[:de]But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?[:]
